1. What Is pH and How Is It Measured?

• pH is a value ranging from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is alkaline.

• In aquariums, values typically range between 6.0 and 8.5.

• Measurements can be taken using pH test kits or digital pH meters.

• It should be tested weekly, and sudden fluctuations should be avoided.

1. Suitable pH Levels by Fish Species

• Guppy: 6.8 - 7.8

• Neon Tetra: 6.0 - 7.0

• Discus: 5.5 - 6.5

• Angelfish: 6.5 - 7.5

• Betta: 6.5 - 7.5

• Goldfish: 7.0 - 8.0

• Corydoras (Catfish): 6.0 - 7.5

• African Cichlids (Malawi, Tanganyika): 7.5 - 8.5

• American Cichlids: 6.5 - 7.5

1. How to Maintain pH Balance

• Perform regular water changes and avoid sudden pH fluctuations.

• Always test the pH of your tap water.

• Use pH-lowering or raising chemicals only when necessary and with caution.

• Natural methods: Peat moss lowers pH, crushed coral raises pH.

• Overfeeding and decaying organic matter can lower pH over time, so bottom cleaning is essential.

1. pH Compatibility in Community Tanks

• Keep species with similar pH preferences together.

• Species with wide pH tolerance (e.g., guppies) are more suitable for community tanks.

• Use buffering substrates and stabilizing products to prevent fluctuations.

• pH-stabilizing rocks or gravels provide long-term stability.

Conclusion
Maintaining stable pH in an aquarium is crucial for water quality and fish health. Each species should be kept within its natural range, and stability must be prioritized over frequent adjustments. Proper pH control creates a healthier, stronger, and stress-free environment for your fish.