Gingivitis in cats, or inflammation of the gums, often progresses unnoticed but can lead to serious oral health issues. It is particularly common in adult and senior cats, and if left untreated, it may result in tooth loss, chronic pain, and even systemic health problems. Here’s what you need to know about this silent threat.

1. What is Gingivitis?
   Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums. It usually occurs when bacteria from plaque and tartar build-up on the teeth cause an infection. If detected early and treated promptly, it can be completely resolved.

2. Symptoms

• Redness and swelling of the gums

• Bad breath (halitosis)

• Gum bleeding (especially after eating)

• Reluctance to open the mouth

• Difficulty eating or refusal to eat

• Increased salivation

• Pawing at the mouth area

1. Causes

• Poor oral hygiene

• Plaque and tartar accumulation

• Viral diseases such as Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

• Genetic predisposition

• Immune system disorders

• Improper nutrition

1. How is Gingivitis Diagnosed?
   A veterinarian examines the gums for redness, swelling, and plaque buildup. If necessary, dental X-rays are used to evaluate the tooth roots. In cases of suspected oral infection, a culture of the mouth may be taken.

2. Treatment Methods

• Professional dental cleaning (under anesthesia)

• Antibiotics (if infection is present)

• Anti-inflammatory medications (to reduce inflammation)

• Special dental diets (to reduce tartar formation)

• Oral antiseptics and toothpaste for cats

• In some cases, extraction of affected teeth may be necessary

1. How Should Oral Care Be Managed at Home?

• Brush your cat’s teeth at least 2–3 times per week (using a cat-specific toothbrush and toothpaste)

• Provide dental-supporting treats or chew toys

• If you notice bad breath, loss of appetite, or changes in the gums, visit a veterinarian immediately

1. Preventive Measures

• Regular oral and dental check-ups

• Use dry food that helps prevent plaque accumulation

• Annual tartar cleaning checks

• Support your cat’s immune system with proper nutrition and living conditions

1. What Happens If Gingivitis is Neglected?
   If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe condition. Tooth roots may be affected, jawbone damage can occur, and teeth may fall out. Additionally, bacteria from the mouth can enter the bloodstream, potentially harming vital organs such as the heart, liver, and kidneys.

Conclusion
Oral and dental health should not be overlooked for the overall well-being of your cat. Gingivitis is a condition that can be fully treated if diagnosed early, but neglecting it can significantly reduce quality of life. If you notice signs such as bad breath or red gums, consult your veterinarian and do not skip regular dental check-ups.