Pet rabbits—with their soft fur, sweet gaze, and affectionate demeanor—have stolen the hearts of many animal lovers. Yet behind this cuteness lie very sensitive animals that can develop serious health problems and behavioral disorders if proper care is not provided. In this article, we detail a rabbit’s physical, psychological, and environmental needs, sharing everything you need to know to help them live a healthy and happy life at home.

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1. Basic Characteristics of Rabbits: Start by Understanding Them
   Rabbits are not rodents; they belong to the lagomorph order, are herbivores, and usually live 7–12 years. Besides being quiet, clean, and intelligent, they can be trained and even learn to use a litter box.

• Daytime Sleepers, Nighttime Active: Rabbits are crepuscular and nocturnal, meaning they are most active at dusk and night, which is why they are known for nighttime playfulness.

• Social but Selective: Some rabbits prefer solitude, while others form strong bonds with fellow rabbits or humans.

• Natural Instincts: Digging tunnels, chewing, and running are natural behaviors. Suppressing them can lead to psychological imbalances.

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1. Proper Living Space: Cage or Room?
   Traditional small cages are far from sufficient for rabbits. They need at least 3 m² of space to hop and run freely. This can be a dedicated rabbit room, a partitioned play area, or a secure outdoor enclosure.

Essentials:

• Cage Size: Minimum 120x60 cm, ideally three times larger.

• Flooring: Avoid wire floors that cause foot injuries; use soft carpets or hay.

• Litter Box: Rabbits can be litter trained. Use only dust-free products designed for rabbits.

• Hiding Spots: Essential for a sense of security—wooden or cardboard boxes work well.

• Climbing Ramps & Toys: Provide valuable physical stimulation.

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1. Rabbit Nutrition: Balance and Consistency Are Key
   Proper nutrition is vital for a healthy digestive system and strong teeth.

Diet Pyramid:

• 80% Hay: Essential for digestion and tooth wear.

• 10% Fresh Greens: Parsley, mint, basil, arugula, lettuce (avoid iceberg).

• 5% Vegetables: Carrots, zucchini, broccoli in controlled amounts.

• 5% Fruit: Apples, bananas, pears as occasional treats (1–2 times a week).

• Pellets: Quality pellets as a supplement, not the main diet.

Forbidden Foods:
Potatoes, onions, garlic, citrus fruits, chocolate, bread, milk, and dairy products.
Human foods are often high in fat, salt, and sugar, which are harmful to rabbits.

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1. Water Supply: Fresh and Clean
   Water bowls should be refreshed daily and cleaned regularly. Wide ceramic or stainless steel bowls are recommended over bottles. In summer, ice can be added carefully, but avoid sudden temperature changes.

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1. Litter Training: Success at the Box
   Rabbits naturally tend to choose a toilet spot. With patience, this can be shaped into reliable litter training.

• Place droppings in the litter box to guide them.

• Add hay inside to encourage interest.

• Never punish for accidents—redirect gently with cleaning.

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1. Socialization and Interaction: Quiet but Deep
   Rabbits dislike loud noises and sudden movements. Bonding takes time but results in strong connections.

• Hand-feed during the first weeks.

• Sit on the floor and let them approach you instead of picking them up.

• Rabbits enjoy gentle scratches, especially on the cheeks and forehead.

• With love, they can form deep bonds, recognize their owner, and even learn their name.

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1. Exercise and Mental Stimulation: A Happy Rabbit Is an Active Rabbit
   At least 3–4 hours of free play and exercise daily is crucial for psychological health.

• Provide tunnels, toys, balls, and cardboard boxes for play.

• Jumping and running must never be restricted.

• Outdoor play is possible under supervision, but always protect from predators (cats, birds) and insects (like mosquitoes).

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1. Hygiene and Grooming in Rabbits
   Rabbits are self-cleaning animals and should not be bathed. However, some breeds require special coat care.

• Brushing: At least twice a week to reduce the risk of hairball ingestion.

• Nail Trimming: Once a month, either at home with care or with a veterinarian’s help.

• Ear Checks: Weekly checks are important, especially for lop-eared rabbits.

• Sanitary Area Cleaning: In cases of diarrhea, clean carefully and contact a vet immediately.

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1. Rabbit Health: Silent Dangers
   Rabbits tend to hide their pain, so behavioral changes must be closely monitored.

Warning Signs:

• Loss of appetite, diarrhea, or changes in stool

• Lethargy or excessive restlessness

• Drooling or teeth grinding

• Swelling, redness, or foul odor in ears

Veterinarian Choice: Rabbits need specialized care. Always consult vets experienced with exotic animals.

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1. Spaying and Neutering: Why It’s Necessary

• Female rabbits face a very high risk of uterine cancer (up to 80%).

• Neutered males are less aggressive and develop better litter box habits.

• It is essential for reproduction control in bonded pairs.

• The ideal time is between 4–6 months of age.

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1. Creating a Safe Home Environment for Rabbits

• Hide all electrical cables.

• Check houseplants, as many are toxic to rabbits.

• Secure doors, windows, and balconies.

• Monitor interactions with children; sudden movements and loud noises can cause trauma.

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1. Common Myths vs. Facts

• “Rabbits live in cages.” ❌ No, they need wide open spaces.

• “They can stay alone.” ❌ Long isolation leads to psychological issues.

• “Plenty of carrots are enough.” ❌ Too much sugar; carrots should only be treats.

• “They love being held.” ❌ Most rabbits dislike it and get stressed.

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Conclusion: Responsibility Beyond Cuteness
Rabbits are far more than just “adorable pets.” They are sensitive beings with their own needs, emotions, and personalities, requiring dedicated knowledge and care. When you adopt a rabbit, you must consider every detail of its health and psychology. With proper care, not only your rabbit’s quality of life but also your own will improve.

Remember: If you welcome a rabbit into your home, treat it with both love and knowledge—because a rabbit is as delicate as it is cute.