1. Choose the Right Aquarium Size

• For beginners, medium-sized aquariums of 60–100 liters are ideal.

• Smaller tanks are harder to maintain because water parameters change more quickly.

• Determine the tank volume based on the species of fish you plan to keep.

1. Get the Essential Equipment

• Filter (internal or external)

• Heater (for tropical fish)

• Thermometer

• Lighting system

• Air pump and air stone (optional)

• Gravel vacuum and water test kits

---

1. Substrate and Decoration

• Wash aquarium sand or gravel thoroughly before placing it.

• For live plants, use nutrient-rich substrate materials.

• Add rocks, plants, and decorations that provide hiding spots.

• Ensure decorations have no sharp edges.

---

1. Filling and Preparation Process

• If using tap water, add a dechlorinator.

• Pour water over a plate to prevent the substrate from scattering while filling.

• Install all equipment but do not add fish yet.

• Run the filter and heater for 24–48 hours to start cycling.

---

1. Nitrogen Cycle and Waiting Period

• The biological cycle must begin before adding fish.

• This process usually takes 2–4 weeks.

• Monitor ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels with water tests.

• By the end of the cycle, ammonia and nitrite should be zero, with a small amount of nitrate present.

---

1. Adding the First Fish

• Once the nitrogen cycle is complete, introduce the first fish gradually.

• Place the fish in their bag into the aquarium for 15–20 minutes to equalize temperature.

• Slowly mix tank water into the bag before gently transferring fish into the tank.

---

1. Develop Regular Maintenance Habits

• Observe fish behavior daily.

• Perform 20–30% water changes weekly.

• Clean the filter regularly (do not wash it completely to preserve beneficial bacteria).

• Use water tests to monitor parameters consistently.

---

Conclusion
Starting an aquarium hobby with the right setup can turn into a rewarding and educational experience that lasts for years. Be patient, avoid rushing, and always consider the needs of your fish. With the proper equipment, knowledge, and regular maintenance, you can create a healthy and thriving aquarium environment.